1. A technique that’s used to route traffic to different destinations, depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health, is known as _____.
- unicast
- anycast
- multicast
- broadcast
Explanation: It is common practice to refer to the method that you are referring to as "Load Balancing." The process includes dividing network or application traffic over numerous servers or pathways in order to guarantee optimum resource use, avoid overloading of any one server or lane, and improve the overall performance and dependability of the system.
2. A concept that involves iterating over a list of items one by one in an orderly fashion is known as _______.
- round robin
- recursion
- authoritative lookup
- multiplexing
Explanation: What you are expressing is a notion that is referred to as "Iteration." It entails going through a list or collection in a methodical manner, looking at each item in turn as you go through the list or collection. This method gives you the ability to carry out actions or tasks on each element in a sequence, such as going over each item in a list, array, or other data structure.
3. A _______ record is responsible for resolving an IP to a domain name.
- CNAME
- PTR
- NTP
- TXT
Explanation: The phrase that you are searching for is "Reverse DNS" or "PTR (Pointer) record." According to the Domain Name System (DNS), this particular form of record is the one that is accountable for translating an IP address to a domain name. In contrast to the more usual "forward DNS" method, which resolves domain names to IP addresses, this mechanism operates in the other direction.
4. NAT stands for ______.
- National Academic Translation
- Networking Association Team
- Network Address Translation
- Network Acknowledgement Track
Explanation: NAT is an abbreviation that stands for "Network Address Translation." The process of mapping numerous private IP addresses to a single public IP address is a method that is used in the field of networking. This makes it possible for devices on a local network that have private addresses that cannot be routed to access resources on the Internet by utilizing a public IP address that is shared by several devices.
5. When NAT hides the source IP of an originating device, this is known as ________.
- port forwarding
- routing
- switching
- IP masquerading
Explanation: "Source NAT" or "SNAT" (Source Network Address Translation) is the name given to the process by which NAT conceals the source IP address of a device that is the originator of the network. Before the data is sent to the external network, the private IP address of the device that initiated the transmission is changed to a public IP address via the use of SNAT. This contributes to the protection of the confidentiality and safety of the internal configurations of the network.
6. A company moves a popular website to a new web host. Which of the following will change as a result?
- Internet Protocol (IP) address
- Network service
- Root name server
- Domain name
7. The “www” portion of a domain is known by which of the given options? Check all that apply.
- Subdomain
- Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)
- Top Level Domain (TLD) name
- Host name
Explanation: It is common practice to refer to the component of a domain starting with "www" as the "subdomain." Typically, it is used to signify that a certain domain is utilized for the purpose of providing online content. It is an abbreviation that stands for "World Wide Web." However, it is essential to keep in mind that not all websites use "www" as their subdomain, and it is possible that certain websites may be accessed without the usage of the "www" prefix.
8. Which of the following allows computers on a network to automatically receive address assignment information?
- Primary gateway
- Dynamic Host Protocol (DHCP)
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Time to Live (TTL)
Explanation: The term "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol" (often abbreviated as "DHCP") refers to the configuration function that enables computers connected to a network to immediately receive information about address assignment. The Dynamic Host setup Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that works to simplify the process of network setup for both administrators and end-users. It does this by automatically assigning IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices that are connected to a network.
9. Which technique is used with Network Address Translation (NAT) where a source port chosen by a client is the same port used by a router?
- Preservation
- Forwarding
- Masquerading
- Translation
Explanation: PAT, which stands for "Port Address Translation," is the term used to describe the method that is used in Network Address Translation (NAT), in which a source port that is selected by a client is the same port that is utilized by a router. A sort of network address translation (NAT) known as PAT transfers numerous private IP addresses to a single public IP address. However, in order to differentiate between the connections, it makes use of distinct source ports. Additionally, it is referred to as "NAT overload" due to the fact that it causes the use of a single public IP address to be overloaded with many private IP addresses and source port combinations.
10. What technology helps users get connected and stay secure?
- Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
- Network Address Translation (NAT)
Explanation: The Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology is a technology that assists people in connecting to the internet while maintaining their privacy. By establishing a connection that is both safe and encrypted over the internet, virtual private networks (VPNs) enable users to access resources that are located on a private network from a distant location. Considering that this technology guarantees the secrecy and security of data, it is a well-liked option for working remotely, maintaining online privacy, and ensuring secure communication across public networks.
11. What port on a name server is used for User Datagram Protocol (UDP) name request packets?
- 22
- 53
- 25
- 80
Explanation: Name request packets for the Domain Name System (DNS) commonly utilize port 53. These packets are sent using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). For both UDP and TCP connections, the well-known port 53 is the one that is allocated to the Domain Name System (DNS). When the return data size surpasses the maximum limit that can be handled by UDP, the Domain Name System (DNS) employs Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) instead of UDP for its usual query and response operations.
12. A new Domain Name System (DNS) server is being configured. Which record type is used to declare a new zone?
- Mail Exchanger (MX)
- Pointer (PTR)
- Name server (NS)
- Start of Authority (SOA)
Explanation: A "Start of Authority" (SOA) record is often used by the DNS server in order to proclaim a new zone inside the Domain Name System (DNS). Important information about the domain or zone is included in the SOA record. This information includes the primary authoritative DNS server for the zone, the email address of the domain's administrator, the current version number of the domain, and timers for a variety of DNS-related operations. In order to define the criteria and attributes of a DNS zone, the SOA record is an extremely important component.
13. Which of the following is NOT configured by a Dynamic Host Protocol (DHCP) server?
- Subnet mask address
- Internet Protocol (IP) address
- Media Access Control (MAC) address
- Gateway address
Explanation: The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is the one that is accountable for dynamically allocating Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and supplying configuration information to devices that are connected to a network. Nevertheless, it does not setup the Domain Name System (DNS) server or the DNS server itself. In most cases, the information about the DNS server is setup independently on the client devices. However, it is also possible for the information to be delivered by other ways, such as manually defining DNS settings or using DHCP options.
14. IANA has primarily been responsible with assigning address blocks to five regional internet registries (RIR). A tech needs to research address blocks assigned in the United States. Which RIR should the tech contact?
- LACNIC
- APNIC
- ARIN
- RIPE
Explanation: ARIN, which stands for the American Registry for Internet Numbers, should be contacted by the technician. In the United States, they are the most reliable source for handling address assignments.
15. What service acts on behalf of a client in order to access another service?
- Virtual Private Network (VPN) Tunnel
- Proxy Server
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Explanation: An API, which stands for application programming interface, is a kind of service that takes the role of a middleman. It makes it easier for diverse software systems to communicate and interact with one another, hence enabling them to access the features of individual software systems.
16. When a client computer sends a request to a Domain Name System (DNS) server, what type of packet is sent?
- SYN/ACK
- ACK
- TCP
- SYN
Explanation: A Domain Name System (DNS) query packet is sent by a client computer whenever it submits a request to a DNS server by way of the Internet. The client is attempting to resolve the domain name into an IP address, and this packet includes the domain name they need.
17. Administration and definition of TLDs are handled by a non-profit organization known as _______.
- ICANN
- FQDN
- DHCP
- CNAME
Explanation: ICANN, which stands for the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, is a non-profit organization that is responsible for the administration and defining of Top-Level Domains (TLDs).
18. VPN stands for _______
- Very Personal Network
- Virtual Private Network
- Virtual Public Network
- Virtual Proxy Network
19. A video conferencing application isn’t working due to a Domain Name System (DNS) port error. Which record requires modification to fix the issue?
- Canonical name (CNAME)
- Host (A)
- Text (TXT)
- Service record (SRV)
Explanation: It is recommended that you review the SRV (Service) records in the event that a video conferencing program is experiencing problems that are associated with DNS ports. An SRV record contains information about the services that are offered, such as the port number and the protocol that is being used. In order to fix the DNS port problem, you need to make sure that the SRV records that are linked with the video conferencing application are appropriately set.
20. Network Address Translation (NAT) is typically implemented with which hardware devices? Check all that apply.
- Firewalls
- Hubs
- Routers
- Switches
21. A complete Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is limited to how many characters?
- 63
- 255
- 53
- 127
Explanation: The maximum number of characters that may be used in a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) must be 253. This comprises the domain name as well as the dots that are used to separate the labels that are included inside the domain. The specifications for the Domain Name System (DNS) include this restriction as one of its parameters.
22. During the name resolution process, which technique is used to avoid congestion when querying a server?
- Redirect
- Hierarchy
- Lookup
- Anycast
Explanation: During the process of name resolution, the practice of caching is used in order to prevent congestion from occurring. The process of caching includes keeping locally previously resolved DNS requests and the replies that correspond to those queries. An initial check of the cache is performed by the local DNS resolver whenever a client requests that a domain name be resolved. In the event that the information is located, it is returned without the need to query an external DNS server. This helps to reduce the amount of stress on the network and moves the resolution process along more quickly.
23. DNS stands for _________.
- Do Not Signal
- Domain Name System
- Dynamic Name Server
- Diversified Nomenclature System
Explanation: The acronym DNS refers to the Domain Name System.
24. Which type of Domain Name System (DNS) server performs a full name resolution request?
- Authoritative name server
- Root name server
- Caching name server
- Recursive name server
Explanation: A recursive DNS server is the kind of Domain Name System (DNS) server that is responsible for resolving complete name resolution requests. It is the responsibility of recursive DNS servers to provide comprehensive resolution of domain names. They accomplish this by contacting other DNS servers in the hierarchy until they acquire the definitive response. Within the context of the DNS resolution process for client devices, they are of critical importance.
25. Network Address Translation (NAT) technology provides a major benefit for which of these network problems?
- Address exhaustion
- Port Preservation
- Routable addresses
- Assigning Internet Protocol (IP) address blocks
Explanation: Within the context of the problem of IPv4 address depletion, the technique known as Network Address Translation (NAT) offers a significant advantage. NAT makes it possible for numerous devices inside a local network to share a single public IP address, which is useful given the limited number of IPv4 addresses that are currently accessible. This helps to save IPv4 addresses and allows a more effective use of the address space that is available, particularly in situations when the number of devices exceeds the number of public IP addresses that are accessible.
26. What benefits does the Domain Name System (DNS) provide? Check all that apply.
- Assigning Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
- Easy mapping to a new Internet Protocol (IP) address
- Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Ease of address memorization
27. What term defines keeping the address of one computer secret from another?
- Rewriting
- Masquerading
- Translation
- Preservation
28. The Domain Name System (DNS) provides an easy way to remember addresses. Without DNS, how many octets for an Internet Protocol (IP) address would have to be memorized?
- 4
- 48
- 32
- 10101010
Explanation: Without Domain Name System (DNS), users would be required to commit to memory the whole binary form of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses, which have 32 bits. In most cases, Internet Protocol version 4 addresses are written as four octets in decimal notation, with dots between each octet (for example, 192.168.0.1). Because each octet is equivalent to eight bits, the whole IPv4 address would consist of 32 bits. When compared to the human-readable decimal format that is made possible by DNS, knowing and dealing with the binary version of these addresses would be far less convenient and user-friendly.