- It creates consistency across development, testing, and production environments.
- It provides tight coupling between applications and operating systems.
- Allocating resources in which to run containers is not necessary.
- Migrating workloads is simpler.
2. How do containers access an operating system?
- Each container has its own instance of an operating system.
- Containers use a shared base operating system stored in a shared kernel layer.
- Containers use a shared base operating system stored in a Cloud Storage bucket.
- Containers use a shared base operating system stored in a shared runtime layer.
Explanation: The container runtime is the component that is accountable for the management and execution of containers. Containers get access to an operating system via this component. In order to provide containers with the required isolation and resources, the container runtime engages in interaction with the kernel of the host operating system.
3. What is a Kubernetes pod?
- A group of VMs
- A group of containers
- A group of clusters
- A group of nodes
Explanation: The Kubernetes object model is comprised of a number of different units, the smallest and most basic of which is the pod. One or more containers may be contained into a pod, which is a representation of a single instance of a process that is currently operating within a cluster. Containers contained inside a pod are able to connect with one another via the use of localhost since they share the same network namespace.
4. What is a Kubernetes cluster?
- A group of containers that provide high availability for applications.
- A group of machines where Kubernetes can schedule workloads.
- A group of pods that manage the administration of a Kubernetes application.
Explanation: Specifically, a Kubernetes cluster is a collection of nodes, which are either real or virtual computers, that are clustered together for the purpose of running containerized applications. Over the course of the cluster, Kubernetes is responsible for orchestrating and managing the deployment, scaling, and operation of these many apps. In order to automate the deployment and maintenance of containerized workloads, it offers a single collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) and tools.
5. Where do the resources used to build Google Kubernetes Engine clusters come from?
- Compute Engine
- Cloud Storage
- Bare metal servers
- App Engine
Explanation: GKE clusters, in a nutshell, make use of the many services and resources that are made available by Google Cloud Platform in order to establish a Kubernetes environment that is completely controlled. For the purpose of simplifying the deployment, scaling, and maintenance of containerized applications, GKE is responsible for managing and orchestrating these applications' resources.
6. How do you keep your Kubernetes version updated in Google Kubernetes Engine?
- The Google Kubernetes Engine team periodically performs automatic upgrades of your cluster to newer stable versions.
- You need to stop your cluster and manually update the Kubernetes version in your cluster.
- You are required to set up a cron job to periodically check the Kubernetes version in your cluster.
- You cannot update a running cluster. You need to create a copy of the cluster with the updated Kubernetes version.
7. Anthos provides a rich set of tools for monitoring and maintaining the consistency of your applications across which of the following locations?
- Applications hosted on-premises only.
- Applications hosted with one cloud provider only.
- Applications hosted with multiple cloud providers only.
- Applications hosted on-premises, in the cloud, or in multiple clouds.
Explanation: Anthos offers a comprehensive collection of tools that may be used for the purpose of monitoring and ensuring that your applications remain consistent across hybrid and multi-cloud settings. Anthos is a platform that was built by Google Cloud that gives you the ability to construct, deploy, and manage applications in a consistent manner across on-premises data centers, Google Cloud, and other cloud providers.
Anthos gives you the ability to administer and monitor your applications in a seamless manner across several locations, hence offering a unified and uniform approach to the process. The purpose of this endeavor is to provide enterprises with the ability to deploy and operate their applications inside a multi-cloud or hybrid cloud architecture while simultaneously preserving operation consistency and visibility
8. App Engine is best suited to the development and hosting of which type of application?
- Applications that require at least one instance running at all times.
- A web application
- Applications that require full control of the hardware they are running on
- A long-running batch processing application
9. Which statements are true about App Engine?
- The daily billing for an App Engine application can drop to zero.
- App Engine charges you based on the resources you pre allocate instead of the resources you use.
- App Engine manages the hardware and networking infrastructure required to run your code.
- Developers who write for App Engine do not need to code their applications in any particular way to use the service.
- App Engine requires you to supply or code your own application load balancing and logging services.
10. What are the advantages of using App Engine’s flexible environment instead of its standard environment?
- You can use SSH to connect to the virtual machines on which your application runs.
- Google provides automatic in-place security patches.
- Your application can execute code in background threads.
- Your application can write to the local disk.
- You can install third-party binaries.
Explanation: While the standard environment is more limited, it is suited for certain use cases. On the other hand, the flexible environment offers more flexibility and customization choices, which makes it ideal for a wider variety of applications and development situations.
11. Which Google Cloud service should you choose to perform business analytics and billing on a customer-facing API?
- Cloud Endpoints
- Compute Engine API
- Cloud Run API
- Apigee Edge
12. Select the managed compute platform that lets you run stateless containers through web requests or Pub/Sub events.
- Cloud Run
- Cloud Source Repositories
- Cloud Endpoints
- Apigee Edge
Explanation: The managed computing platform known as Google Cloud execute is the one that enables you to execute stateless containers by means of HTTP requests or Pub/Sub events.
The Google Cloud Run platform is a fully managed computing environment that automatically grows your containerized apps across the cloud. In a serverless environment, it enables you to create and execute stateless containers, which may be triggered by either HTTP requests (web requests) or Pub/Sub events.
The underlying infrastructure is abstracted away by this serverless platform, which also manages scalability, load balancing, and container orchestration automatically. This makes it simple to build and execute containerized apps without having to manage servers.
13. Cloud Run can only pull images from:
- Self-hosted registries
- Docker Hub
- Artifact Registry
- GitHub
14. Why would a developer choose to store source code in Cloud Source Repositories?
- To reduce work
- To have total control over the hosting infrastructure
- To keep code private to a Google Cloud project
- It is the only way to access your source code in a repository.
15. Why might a Google Cloud customer choose to use Cloud Functions?
- Cloud Functions is the primary way to run Node.js applications in Google Cloud.
- Their application has a legacy monolithic structure that they want to separate into microservices.
- Cloud Functions is a free service for hosting compute operations.
- Their application contains event-driven code that they don’t want to provision compute resources for.
Explanation: To summarize, Cloud Functions is a strong serverless computing service that provides flexibility, scalability, and cost effectiveness. As a result, it is an appealing option for the construction of event-driven applications and microservices in the cloud.
16. Select the advantage of putting the event-driven components of your application into Cloud Functions.
- Cloud Functions handles scaling these components seamlessly.
- In Cloud Functions, processing is always free of charge.
- In Cloud Functions, code can be written in C# or C++.
- Cloud Functions eliminates the need to use a separate service to trigger application events.
Explanation: When there are a certain amount of incoming events or requests, Cloud Functions will automatically scale appropriately. As the number of events rises, Cloud Functions can easily scale out to accommodate the load. This ensures that your application will continue to be responsive even when there is an increase in the amount of traffic moving through it. The elimination of the need for human intervention in the management of server resources is made possible by this autonomous scaling, which offers a solution that is both scalable and cost-efficient for event-driven workloads.
17. Why might a Google Cloud customer choose to use Terraform?
- Terraform can be used as an infrastructure management system for Google Cloud resources.
- Terraform can be used as a version-control system for your Google Cloud infrastructure layout.
- Terraform can be used to enforce maximum resource utilization and spending limits on your Google Cloud resources.
- Terraform can be used as an infrastructure management system for Kubernetes pods.
Explanation: In conclusion, businesses often use Terraform for the management of their infrastructure because of its IaC principles, support for many clouds, declarative configuration, plan and preview capabilities, modularity, and connection with continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines. These characteristics make Terraform a flexible and widely accepted solution.
18. There are “Four Golden Signals” that measure a system’s performance and reliability. What are they?
- Availability, durability, scalability, resiliency
- Latency, traffic, saturation, errors
- Get, post, put, delete
- KPIs, SLIs, SLOs, SLAs
Explanation: The overall health, performance, and dependability of a system may be evaluated with the use of these four signals, which are significant indicators. Monitoring and analyzing these signals enables enterprises to proactively detect and fix problems, enhance performance, and guarantee a great experience for users.
19. Which definition best describes a service level indicator (SLI)?
- A key performance indicator; for example, clicks per session or customer signups
- A percentage goal of a measure you intend your service to achieve
- A contract with your customers regarding service performance
- A time-bound measurable attribute of a service
Explanation: The performance of a service may be evaluated using service level indicators (SLIs), which are metrics that quantify different characteristics of the service, such as response time, error rate, availability, or other relevant indications. The use of these metrics offers a clear and quantitative method for evaluating the degree to which a service is reaching the objectives it has set for itself and the expectations of its users. Establishing and monitoring service level objectives (SLOs) and service level agreements (SLAs) both require the use of service level indicators (SLIs), which are an essential component.
20. Which option describes a commitment made to your customers that your systems and applications will have only a certain amount of “downtime”?
- Service level agreement
- Service level indicator
- Key performance indicator
- Service level objective
Explanation: A service level agreement (SLA) is a legal agreement between a service provider and its clients that describes the anticipated quality of service. This agreement includes performance indicators, availability objectives, and guarantees about downtime. In the event that the service standards that were agreed upon are not fulfilled, the service level agreement (SLA) often contains penalties or remedies. The SLA is the document that sets the conditions under which the service provider promises to supply and maintain the service.
21. You want to create alerts on your Google Cloud resources, such as when health checks fail. Which is the best Google Cloud product to use?
- Cloud Trace
- Cloud Monitoring
- Cloud Functions
- Cloud Debugger
22. Select the two correct statements about Cloud Logging.
- Cloud Logging lets you define uptime checks.
- Cloud Logging lets you view logs from your applications and filter and search on them.
- Cloud Logging requires the use of a third-party monitoring agent.
- Cloud Logging requires you to store your logs in BigQuery or Cloud Storage.
- Cloud Logging lets you define metrics based on your logs.