Q: What is an effect of Linux being open source?
- It allows for collaboration among a community of developers.
- It requires a yearly subscription.
- It is the easiest OS for beginners to use.
- It is the most simple OS in terms of architecture.
Explanation: Software that is open source, such as Linux, makes its source code available to the general public without charge. The fact that the software is available to developers from all around the globe motivates them to work together, make changes, and tailor the product to their specific requirements. Rapider development cycles, more creativity, and a rich ecosystem of software applications and tools are often the outcomes of this collaborative strategy.
Q: Which of the following components are part of the Linux architecture?
Select all that apply.
- The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (CORRECT)
- The kernel (CORRECT)
- Standard output Hardware (CORRECT)
Explanation: This standard ensures that Linux-based operating systems have a consistent structure and organization of files and folders across all distributions by defining the structure and organization requirements. The Linux kernel is the fundamental component of the operating system that is responsible for managing the resources of the hardware, delivering vital services to applications, and facilitating communication between software and hardware.
Q: What are distributions?
- Simulated attacks that help identify vulnerabilities
- The different versions of Linux
- Data consisting of an ordered sequence of characters
- Programs that perform specific tasks
Explanation: In the context of Linux, the term "distribution" refers to the several distinct versions or variations of the Linux operating system that are based on the Linux kernel. The term "distros" is often used to refer to these distributions, which consist of a collection of software programs, utilities, libraries, and a package management system that is customized to meet the unique requirements or preferences of users or organizations.
Q: Which of the following statements correctly describe KALI LINUX ™?
Select three answers.
(KALI LINUX ™ is a trademark of OffSec.)
- KALI LINUX ™ should be used on a virtual machine.
- KALI LINUX ™ was created specifically to be used with penetration testing and digital forensics.
- KALI LINUX ™ was created as an enterprise distribution of Linux.
- KALI LINUX ™ is an open-source Linux distribution that is widely used in security.
Explanation: Indeed, Offensive Security (OffSec), the group responsible for the creation and maintenance of KALI LINUXTM, is the owner of the trademark for the software. The usage of KALI LINUXTM inside a virtual machine environment is often advised, particularly for the purposes of security testing and forensics work. This is done to isolate the virtual machine from the host system and to facilitate its simple setup and administration. Providing a package of tools and utilities that are specifically designed for the purposes of penetration testing, ethical hacking, and digital forensics, KALI LINUXTM was developed with the specific intention of doing these activities.
Q: Which of these are common Linux distributions? Select all that apply.
- Bash
- Red Hat
- Parrot
- CentOS
Explanation: A popular Linux distribution that is used in corporate settings and is well-known for its support and reliability.CentOS is a popular distribution that is developed from the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It is a free distribution that is maintained by the community and is used for PCs and servers. A Linux distribution with a focus on security, comparable to Kali Linux, the purpose of which is to facilitate penetration testing, digital forensics, and privacy investigation.
Q: Fill in the blank: The _____ communicates with the kernel to execute
commands.
- interface
- hardware
- shell (CORRECT)
- Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
Explanation: It is true! The component of the operating system known as the shell is the one that communicates with the kernel to carry out requests made by the user or programs. Users can communicate with the operating system using command-line interfaces (CLI) or scripts thanks to this component, which acts as the interface between the user and the kernel.
Q: Fill in the blank: When you communicate with the shell, the commands
in the shell can ___. Select all that apply.
- give error messages
- take output
- give output
- take input
Explanation: All of these are essential jobs that the shell performs. Execution of commands inside the shell may result in the production of output, which may consist of error messages, ordinary output, or other types of feedback. Additionally, commands can receive input from the user as well as input from other sources, which enables interaction and automation inside the context of the operating system."
Q: Fill in the blank: Package managers are used to distribute Linux
_____.
- commands
- applications
- shells
- kernels
Explanation: When it comes to Linux, package managers are programs that simplify the process of installing, updating, customizing, and deleting software applications and libraries. Users can install and maintain software on their computers more easily as a result of their management of collections of precompiled software packages. However, the major job of these packages is to manage programs. These packages generally include applications, utilities, libraries, and even kernels on occasion.
Q: What is standard input?
- A Linux command that outputs a specified string of text
- Information returned by the OS through the shell
- Data consisting of an ordered sequence of characters
- Information received by the OS via the command line
Explanation: Standard input, often known as stdin, is the default technique that is used in Linux and other operating systems that are similar to Unix. It is how data is entered into a program or command. In most cases, it is delivered via the command line interface (CLI) or through the output of another application. This input can be any ordered sequence of characters, which the program or command may handle per the capability it has.
Q: Which of the following components are part of the Linux
architecture? Select all that apply.
- Applications
- The shell
- The kernel
- Standard input
Explanation: Users can execute commands and administer the operating system via the usage of the shell, which is the command-line interface that interacts with the kernel. The kernel is the fundamental component of the Linux operating system. It is responsible for managing the system's resources, delivering basic services to applications, and facilitating communication between software and hardware. There is a system in Linux known as standard input (stdin) that allows data to be sent to programs or instructions. This mechanism is commonly used via the command line or input redirection.
Q: Which of the following are examples of Linux distributions? Select
all that apply.
- Debian
- tcpdump
- Wireshark
- Ubuntu
Explanation: Linux distributions such as Debian and Ubuntu are well-known and extensively used for a variety of reasons, including desktop computers, servers, and other applications.On the other hand, tcpdump and Wireshark are not Linux distributions; rather, they are network analysis tools known as packet sniffers. It is important to note that these apps are not distributions themselves; rather, they are applications that may be installed on a variety of Linux distributions.
Q: What is KALI LINUX ™?
(KALI LINUX ™ is a trademark of OffSec.)
- A subscription-based enterprise distribution of Linux
- A component of the Linux architecture that is responsible for processing commands and outputting results
- A component of the Linux OS that manages processes and memory
- An open-source Linux distribution that is widely used in security
Explanation: The penetration testing, ethical hacking, and digital forensics applications are the ones that KALI LINUXTM was developed for expressly. Offensive Security (OffSec) is responsible for its maintenance and distribution, and it is well-known for the collection of security tools and utilities that it offers for testing and evaluating vulnerabilities in networks.
Q: Which of these Linux distributions come with pre-installed tools
related to penetration testing and digital forensics? Select two answers.
- CentOS
- Wireshark
- KALI LINUX ™
- Parrot
Explanation: Both KALI LINUXTM and Parrot Security OS are customized Linux distributions that were developed exclusively to conduct security testing, penetration testing, and digital forensics procedures. They come with a full array of tools and utilities that are pre-installed and specifically designed for these functions.
Q: If you enter echo cybersecurity into the command
line, what is the output?
- cybersecurity.txt
- cybersecurity
- echo
- echo cybersecurity
Explanation: In operating systems similar to Unix, the echo command simply emits whatever text or variables are supplied to it as arguments. This includes both text and variables alike. In this particular instance, the argument that is passed to echo is cybersecurity, and as a result, it will print cybersecurity on the terminal.
Q: Which aspect of Linux makes it available to everyone?
- Its use in cybersecurity
- Its open-source design
- Its multiple distributions
- Its kernel
Explanation: The Linux operating system is released under an open-source license, which implies that its source code is freely accessible to anybody using the internet. This creates the opportunity for people, companies, and communities to investigate, alter, and disseminate the operating system under their requirements. As a consequence of this, Linux is available in a broad variety of distributions, often known as distros, which make it possible to cater to a variety of needs and tastes, hence adding to its accessibility and adaptability.
Q: What is an example of a Linux distribution that comes pre-installed
with many security-related tools?
- SUSE
- KALI LINUX ™ (KALI LINUX ™ is a trademark of OffSec.)
- Kernel
- Wireshark
Explanation: The penetration testing, ethical hacking, and digital forensics applications are the ones that KALI LINUXTM was developed for expressly. Because it comes with a full suite of tools and utilities that can be used for a variety of security testing purposes, it is a popular option among security experts as well as security enthusiasts.
Q: What is the Linux shell used for?
- It manages processes and memory.
- It allows you to communicate with the operating system.
- It ensures the system allocates resources efficiently.
- It organizes the data stored in the computer so it can be found easily.
Explanation: The shell in Linux, which includes Bash, Zsh, and other similar programs, offers a command-line interface that allows users to interact with the operating system by inputting commands. These commands are capable of performing a wide range of operations, including the management of files, the execution of programs, the manipulation of data, and the configuration of system settings. In essence, the shell performs the function of an intermediate between the user and the operating system, and it is responsible for understanding instructions and carrying them out.
Q: Which of the following are communication methods with the shell?
Select all that apply.
- Standard input
- Standard error
- Standard output
- Standard command
Explanation: The provision of data to programs or instructions takes place in this section. The majority of the time, it originates from the user via the keyboard or from the output of another software. The output that is often generated by a program or command is directed to this location. In most cases, it is sent to the terminal; however, it may also be diverted to a file or another application. This is the location where diagnostics and error messages are routed. Its purpose is to differentiate error messages from regular output to apply a different approach to dealing with them.
Q: Which of the following is an example of hardware?
- CPU
- Applications
- Shell
- Kernel
Explanation: In a computer system, the central processing unit (CPU) is a physical component that is responsible for carrying out the instructions that are specified by software. This includes the operating system and applications. It is accountable for carrying out duties and processing data inside the computer throughout its operation.
Q: When the system doesn’t know how to respond to a command, what is
the result?
- Standard input
- A request for additional resources
- An error message
- Standard output
Explanation: When an application or operating system is unable to effectively perform a command or action, it will output error messages to let the user know that the command or operation was unsuccessful. The purpose of these messages is to give the user feedback on what went wrong. They often include specifics such as the nature of the issue and sometimes provide ideas for remedial steps.