Q: Which of the following statements accurately describe operating systems? Select all that apply.
- Computers, smartphones, and tablets all have operating systems.
- Operating systems only permit one application to run at a time.
- Operating systems are responsible for making computers run efficiently.
- Operating systems are the interfaces between computer hardware and the user.
Explanation: Software that manages hardware resources and provides services to applications is known as an operating system. Operating systems are essential software. A broad variety of electronic gadgets, such as computers, cellphones, tablets, and other electronic gadgets, make use of them often. Operating systems are responsible for managing the resources of a computer such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, and peripherals. They also offer an environment in which programs may function effectively. Operating systems are responsible for providing a user interface (UI) that allows users to interact with the computer or device. This interface gives users the ability to execute apps, work with data, and carry out activities.
Q: Which of the following are common operating systems? Select three
answers.
- macOS®
- Windows
- PC
- Linux
Explanation: The operating system that is used on Apple Macintosh computers is known as macOS®. This system was developed by Apple Inc. One of the most popular operating systems for personal computers (PCs) is Windows, which was the product of Microsoft's development. Ubuntu, Debian, Red Hat, and other distributions (distros) are only some of the distributions that make use of Linux, which is a prominent open-source operating system kernel.
Q: What does BIOS load in order to start an operating system?
- The bootloader
- An anti-virus application
- UEFI
- The user interface
Explanation: When a hard drive or other bootable media is used, the bootloader is a short software that is placed in the boot sector of the disk. The loading and starting of the operating system kernel is the principal function of this component. The BIOS will pass over control to the bootloader after it has completed its initial starting procedures. The bootloader will then begin the process of loading the operating system.
Q: Fill in the blank: To complete tasks on their computers, users
interact with ____.
- the CPU
- the bootloader
- anti-virus software
- applications
Explanation: Applications, which are often referred to as software programs or apps, are specialized software tools that are meant to carry out certain tasks. Some examples of applications include word processing, online surfing, email, and other similar activities. It is via the user interface that the operating system provides that users interact with the programs.
Q: If you wanted to perform a calculation on your computer, which of
these things would happen? Select three answers.
- The hardware would determine the answer and send it back to the operating system.
- The application would send this request to the operating system.
- The hardware would send the answer directly back to the application.
- You would type in the number you wanted to calculate into the application.
Explanation: In order for the program to carry out the computation, you are required to enter the data, which may consist of numbers or other variables. For the operating system to carry out the computation work, the application will submit the request to it. The operating system gives the work of computation to the central processing unit (CPU), which then computes the result and feeds it back to the application clearly and concisely.
Q: Which of the following are key types of user interfaces? Select two
answers.
- Mobile
- System
- Graphical
- Command line
Explanation: An example of this kind of user interface is the Graphical User Interface (GUI), which allows users to interact with the computer system via the use of graphical icons and other visual indications. It consists of graphical elements such as windows, menus, buttons, and other related components. These user interfaces enable users to communicate with the computer system by inputting instructions into a text-based interface (command prompt or terminal) rather than utilizing graphical features. This form of user interface is also known as a command prompt or terminal.
Q: Which of the following statements correctly describe GUIs and CLIs?
Select three answers.
- A CLI can complete multiple tasks efficiently.
- CLI commands execute tasks, such as opening a program.
- A GUI is a user interface that uses icons.
- A CLI includes a start menu and taskbar.
Explanation: It is possible to carry out certain activities with a command line interface (CLI), such as starting programs or carrying out actions on files and directories, by using commands. To facilitate user engagement with the computer system, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) make use of graphical icons, menus, windows, and other visual features. Once users have attained a level of familiarity with command syntax and scripting capabilities, CLI environments are often effective for doing numerous activities simultaneously.
Q: A security team is alerted to a possible breach in their system. One
analyst follows the instructions from their playbook, which include entering
commands in the command line. Next, another analyst provides support by
checking the commands to confirm that they were entered correctly. What does
this scenario describe?
- Repeating a process using the start menu
- Tracing the usage of files and applications with icons
- Reviewing a history file in a GUI
- Reviewing a history file in a CLI
Explanation: When using a Command Line Interface (CLI), it is common practice to store the commands that users type into a history file. Analysts or users can examine previous activities for the purposes of auditing, troubleshooting, or checking accuracy since this file maintains a record of the instructions that have been performed.
Q: Fill in the blank: The _____ ensures the limited capacity of a
computer system is used where it’s needed most.
- hardware
- task manager
- bootloader
- operating system
Explanation: To guarantee that programs and processes execute smoothly and without any competition for resources, operating systems are responsible for managing hardware resources such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage in an effective manner.
Q: Which of the following operating systems were designed to run on
desktop and laptop computers? Select two answers.
- macOS®
- Windows
- iOS
- Android
Explanation: The operating system that is used on Apple Macintosh computers, which include both desktop and laptop variants, is known as macOS®. This operating system was developed by Apple Inc. Windows is an operating system that was developed by Microsoft and is used on a broad variety of devices, including desktop and laptop computers. Windows is a flexible operating system.
Q: What components are involved in the booting process? Select two
answers.
- A GUI
- The bootloader
- BIOS or UEFI
- A CLI
Explanation: Following the initial starting of the hardware, this component is responsible for initializing the operating system. After loading the kernel of the operating system into memory, it begins the execution of the kernel. These are the firmware interfaces that are responsible for initializing the hardware components of the computer and carrying out fundamental tests before ultimately passing control over to the bootloader. Early on in the boot process, they are in charge of managing it.
Q: Fill in the blank: When someone uses a computer application, the
operating system interprets the user’s requests and directs them to the
appropriate _____.
- components of the computers hardware
- applications
- user on the system
- user interface
Explanation: The operating system of a computer is responsible for interpreting the requests made by the user and directing them to the proper apps whenever the user uses a computer application. The operating system is responsible for managing resources and coordinating tasks. It also ensures that the appropriate apps which are running on the computer are the ones to handle user requests.
Q: If you wanted to download a file from an internet browser, which of
these things would happen? Select three answers.
- The operating system would communicate with hardware to download the file.
- The application would communicate the request to the operating system.
- The application would communicate directly with hardware to download the file.
- You would initiate the task by clicking the download button in the application.
Explanation: Interacting with the browser program and clicking on the download button or link is the first step in the process of downloading what you want to download. To instruct the operating system on where and how to download the file, the browser program will submit a request to the system. Interacting with various hardware components (including network interface cards and storage devices) to get and save the file is how the operating system controls the process of downloading files.
Q: Fill in the blank: The user communicates with the operating system
via a(n) _____.
- specialized type of hardware
- user application
- another operating system
- user interface
Explanation: A user interface, sometimes known as a UI, is the way by which a user interacts with and sends instructions to the operating system and the programs that run on it. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs), command line interfaces (CLIs), and other types of interaction that make it easier for users to enter data and exercise control over the system are examples of this type of interaction.
Q: Which of the following statements correctly describe GUIs and CLIs?
Select three answers.
- GUI icons help users manage different tasks on a computer.
- CLI commands execute tasks, such as moving a file to a new folder.
- A CLI is a text-based user interface.
- A CLI performs multiple tasks less efficiently than a GUI.
Explanation: To assist users in managing activities like file management, program launch, and system settings, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) make use of icons, menus, and other graphical components.CLI commands are instructions that are written in text and are used to carry out a variety of operations on a computer. These tasks include the manipulation of files, the administration of the system, and the execution of programs. Instead of depending on graphical features, a command line interface (CLI) provides users with a text-based prompt that allows them to input commands to interact with the operating system and programs.
Q: What is a bootloader?
- A program that communicates instructions to the user
- A program that starts an operating system (CORRECT)
- A program that loads the BIOS or UEFI chip
- A program that checks for malware infections on a computer
Explanation: To start an operating system, software is known as a bootloader. When a computer is turned on, the bootloader is the first component of the device's initial startup process. It is responsible for loading and starting the kernel of the operating system. Initiating the hardware components, loading the appropriate drivers, and getting the system environment ready for user interaction are all the steps involved in this process.
Q: Fill in the blank: A _____ is a program that allows users to control
functions of the operating system.
- user interface (CORRECT)
- UEFI chip
- bootloader
- CPU
Explanation: Software that gives users the ability to control the functionality of the operating system is known as a user interface program. Either via graphical components (GUI) such as windows, icons, and menus or through text-based commands (CLI), it offers users an interactive method of communicating with and managing the computer system with which they are interacting.
Q: A security team suspects that an attacker has compromised their
system. They examine the commands entered by the attacker to determine whether
they can trace the attacker’s actions to help them resolve the incident. What
does this scenario describe?
- Examining the usage of files and applications from a start menu
- Reviewing a history file in a GUI
- Repeating a process using icons
- Reviewing a history file in a CLI
Explanation: Commands that are input by users to a Command Line Interface (CLI) are often recorded in a history file. This includes commands that are typed by attackers. A record of instructions that have been performed is kept in this file. Security analysts can analyze this record to track the steps that an attacker has taken, comprehend the actions that they have done, and devise a reaction to mitigate the event.
Q: Fill in the blank: On a computer, the _____ handles resource and
memory management.
- browser
- task manager
- hardware
- operating system
Explanation: Managing hardware resources like the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), storage devices, and other peripherals falls within the purview of the operating system (OS). In addition to effectively controlling memory allocation and usage, it guarantees that programs that are running on the computer have access to the resources that they need.
Q: Which of the following statements accurately describe operating
systems? Select all that apply.
- Operating systems help people and computers communicate.
- Computers have operating systems, but smartphones and tablets do not have them.
- Operating systems are a type of computer hardware.
- Operating systems are responsible for making computers run efficiently.
Explanation: Utilizing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) or command line interfaces (CLIs), operating systems make it easier for users to communicate with the hardware and software of their computers. Operating systems are responsible for maintaining the efficient running of computer systems by managing hardware resources, allocating memory, scheduling activities, and more.
Q: Which of the following statements correctly describe GUIs and CLIs? Select three answers.
- GUI icons help users manage different tasks on a computer.
- A CLI can complete multiple tasks efficiently.
- A GUI is a text-based user interface.
- A CLI uses commands to communicate with an operating system.
Explanation: To assist users in managing activities like as file management, program launch, and system settings, graphical user interfaces (GUIs) make use of icons, menus, and other graphical components. Once users are comfortable with the syntax of commands and the capabilities of scripting, command line interfaces (CLIs) may be an effective tool for executing many activities. Command line interfaces (CLIs) are programs that enable users to communicate with the operating system and carry out operations by enabling them to directly enter commands into a terminal or command prompt.
Q: A security team responds to a breach by following the instructions
from their playbook. They later want to ensure all of the commands they entered
were correct. So, they review the saved steps they performed in the command
line. What does this scenario describe?
- Repeating a process using icons
- Saving files and applications from a start menu
- Reviewing a history file in a GUI
- Reviewing a history file in a CLI
Explanation: This scenario, in which a security team evaluates the stored steps they took in the command line to confirm that all commands typed were proper, discusses examining a history file in a command line interface (CLI) in particular. The commands that users submit into a Command Line Interface (CLI) are in most cases recorded in a history file. During a security incident response, this file maintains a record of instructions that have been performed. This record may be accessed at a later time for the purposes of auditing, troubleshooting, or validating the correctness of actions done.